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Residence permits in the Netherlands - routes, sponsors, fees and next steps

Who needs a Dutch residence permit, how the sponsor system and the MVV entry visa work, the main routes for work, study and family with 2026 IND fees, what to do after arrival, extensions, and how you move on to permanent residence.

Checked 7 Oct 2026
Applies to
People who are not citizens of an EU or EEA country or Switzerland and want to stay in the Netherlands for longer than 90 days. EU, EEA and Swiss citizens do not need a residence permit.
Effort
High effort
Time needed
The IND's standard decision period is 90 days (60 days for study); with an IND-recognised sponsor, work permits are often decided much faster
Cost
IND fees in 2026: €423 for a highly skilled migrant permit, EU Blue Card or self-employed permit; €254 for study, family, orientation-year and permanent residence applications; €85 for a child under 18 joining a parent
When
Apply before you travel; fees change every 1 January and some income requirements also on 1 July
On this page
  1. Overview
  2. Before you start
  3. Documents you need
  4. Sponsors and the MVV entry visa
  5. The main routes and 2026 fees
  6. Work - highly skilled migrant and EU Blue Card in brief
  7. Study and the orientation year
  8. Temporary and non-temporary purposes
  9. After you arrive
  10. Extensions and changes
  11. Permanent residence and long-term EU residence
  12. Watch out
  13. Common mistakes
  14. Tips
  15. Frequently asked questions
  16. Official links
  17. In your plan
  18. Sources
  19. Related guides

The Netherlands issues residence permits for a specific purpose of stay: work, study, family, entrepreneurship and others. Each purpose has its own conditions, and you usually have to keep meeting them for as long as you hold the permit. The Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) decides.

If you are a citizen of an EU or EEA country or Switzerland, you do not need a permit, a work permit or IND registration; see EU citizens in the Netherlands. Everything below is for people from other countries who plan to stay longer than 90 days.

Before you start

  • A sponsor where the route requires one (employer, educational institution or partner)
  • A passport that stays valid for the period you plan to live in the Netherlands

Documents you need

  • Valid passport

    required
  • Employment contract or job offer

    For work-based permits

    optional
  • Provisional residence permit (MVV), if your nationality needs one

    optional
  • Legalised and translated birth certificate

    Needed later for municipal registration

    required
  • Apostille or legalisation and translation of civil status documents

    optional

Sponsors and the MVV entry visa

Most Dutch permits are based on a sponsor: an employer for work, an educational institution for study, or a partner or family member for family reasons. The sponsor often submits the application and has legal obligations of its own, such as giving the IND information and keeping records. Employers and institutions can apply to the IND to become recognised sponsors, which gives them access to faster procedures and, for highly skilled migrants and students, is required.

Depending on your nationality, you also need a provisional residence permit (machtiging tot voorlopig verblijf, MVV) to enter the Netherlands. It is an entry visa for stays longer than 90 days, and it is usually applied for together with the residence permit. People whose nationality is exempt from the MVV, such as citizens of Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States, can travel in and collect their residence document at an IND desk once the IND has decided. Biometrics (photo and fingerprints) are taken at the embassy or consulate if you need an MVV, otherwise in the Netherlands.

The main routes and 2026 fees

IND fees change every 1 January. For 2026 the IND lists, among others:

  • Highly skilled migrant (kennismigrant): €423, for first applications and extensions. See highly skilled migrant permit.
  • EU Blue Card: €423.
  • Intra-corporate transferee (ICT): €423.
  • Self-employed person: €423.
  • Study (all levels): €254. See studying in the Netherlands.
  • Orientation year for recent graduates looking for work: €254.
  • Stay with a family member, including a partner: €254 for adults, €85 for a child under 18. See family reunification in the Netherlands.
  • Permanent residence or long-term EU resident permit: €254.

Other routes include the researcher permit, the start-up permit and the single permit for paid employment (GVVA), where the employer must also obtain a work permit from the UWV.

Work - highly skilled migrant and EU Blue Card in brief

  • Highly skilled migrant: only an IND-recognised sponsor can apply. In 2026 the gross monthly salary, without holiday allowance, must be at least €5,942 (age 30 or older), €4,357 (under 30) or €3,122 (reduced criterion for recent graduates), and in line with the market rate. No work permit and no education requirement. The permit usually follows your contract, up to five years.
  • EU Blue Card: the same 2026 threshold as highly skilled migrants aged 30 or older (€5,942), with a reduced criterion of €4,754 for recent graduates; requires higher education evaluated by IDW (or, in some cases, relevant experience) and a contract of at least six months, but no recognised sponsor.
  • If you lose your job: highly skilled migrants generally have three months to find a new qualifying job. According to the IND, if you become unemployed on or after 22 May 2026 and have held the permit for at least two years, the search period is up to six months.

The government announced in July 2025 that it intends to raise the salary threshold for under-30s and tighten requirements for recognised sponsors. Check the IND page for the rules that apply when your employer applies. Full details are in highly skilled migrant permit.

Study and the orientation year

Your recognised educational institution applies for you. For 2026, you must show €1,130.77 per month for higher education (€928.58 for MBO), the IND decides within 60 days, and the permit covers your programme plus three months. You may work up to 16 hours a week (full-time in June to August) if your employer has a work permit for you.

After graduating from a Dutch or top-ranked foreign university, you can apply within three years for the orientation year permit: valid for one year, with the right to work freely while you look for a job.

Temporary and non-temporary purposes

The IND distinguishes temporary purposes of stay, such as study, the orientation year, intra-corporate transfer, au pair, exchange and seasonal work, from non-temporary purposes, such as highly skilled migrant, EU Blue Card, paid employment, self-employment and family with a sponsor who has a non-temporary status. Only non-temporary permits can lead to permanent residence or a long-term EU resident permit, and the difference also matters for naturalisation and civic integration.

After you arrive

  • Collect your residence document at an IND desk or, if eligible, at IN Amsterdam, where municipal registration can be arranged in the same visit.
  • Register in the BRP within five days if you stay longer than four months. See registering in Amsterdam.
  • If your application said you would take a TB test, make an appointment with the public health service (GGD) within three months of receiving your permit.
  • Take out health insurance within four months.
  • Keep your main residence in the Netherlands. Long absences can lead the IND to withdraw or not extend your permit.
  • Report relevant changes, such as a new employer or the end of a relationship, through your sponsor or to the IND.

See first 30 days in Amsterdam for the full sequence.

Extensions and changes

Apply for an extension before your permit expires; the IND states that for naturalisation you must always have applied for extensions on time, and late applications can create gaps in your lawful residence. If your purpose of stay changes, for example from study to the orientation year or from the orientation year to highly skilled migrant, you apply for a change of purpose. You can follow applications in My IND with your DigiD.

If the IND refuses an application, you can usually file an objection; the decision letter explains the deadline and procedure.

Permanent residence and long-term EU residence

After five consecutive years of lawful residence on non-temporary permits, you can usually apply for a permanent residence permit or a residence permit for long-term EU residents (fee €254 in 2026; the IND has six months to decide). For the long-term EU permit, the IND requires among other things that you were not outside the Netherlands for more than six consecutive months or ten months in total during those five years; periods of study count for half, and other temporary purposes do not count. You must also meet the civic integration requirement and have sustainable, sufficient income. See civic integration in the Netherlands and, for citizenship, Dutch citizenship.

Watch out

Under the highly skilled migrant scheme your salary must not fall below the threshold, even temporarily, or the IND can withdraw the permit.

Fees, salary thresholds and income requirements change every year, some twice a year. Never rely on last year's figures.

If your nationality needs an MVV, do not plan to enter as a visitor and apply afterwards. The MVV and the residence permit are normally applied for together before you travel.

Common mistakes

  • Comparing a salary offer that includes holiday allowance with the threshold, which excludes it.
  • Assuming any employer can use the highly skilled migrant scheme; only recognised sponsors can.
  • Forgetting that the 30% expat tax scheme is a separate application to the Tax Administration.
  • Applying for an extension too late, which can interrupt your lawful residence.

Tips

  • Ask your employer early whether it is an IND-recognised sponsor.
  • Check whether your gross monthly salary meets the threshold without holiday allowance.
  • Keep your V number (on IND letters and your residence document) at hand when you call the IND.
  • Set a reminder several months before your permit expires so you can apply for an extension in time.

Frequently asked questions

Editorial answers written by our team, based on the sources below.

How do I contact the IND?

By phone on 088 043 04 30 (from abroad +31 88 043 04 30), Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 17:00, or through My IND with your DigiD.

Can I switch from a student permit to a work permit?

Yes, by applying for a change of purpose of stay, for example to the orientation year or directly to highly skilled migrant. Within three years of graduation, the reduced salary criterion of €3,122 (2026) can apply.

Does time on a student permit count towards permanent residence?

For the long-term EU resident permit, the IND counts periods of study for half. Other temporary purposes, such as the orientation year, do not count.

In your plan

  • Find the residence permit that fits your move
  • Apply for your residence permit (and MVV if needed)
  • Collect your residence document
  • Confirm that you are exempt from the MVV and how your permit is applied for
  • Take the TB test if your permit application said so
  • Keep your residence permit valid and extend it in time
  • Check when you can apply for permanent residence
  • Check that your permit will allow self-employment

Sources

Written and checked by HomiStart editorial against the official sources below. Next scheduled check: 5 Jan 2027.

  1. Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)Official source
    Required amounts income requirements (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026
  2. Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)Official source
    Fees - costs of an application (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026
  3. Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)Official source
    Highly skilled migrant (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026

    Interactive page (last updated 11 September 2026); details depend on answers to the nationality questions.

  4. Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)Official source
    Student residence permit for university or higher professional education (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026
  5. Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)Official source
    Residence permit for orientation year (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026
  6. Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)Official source
    Temporary and non-temporary purposes of residence (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026
  7. Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)Official source
    Apply for a residence permit for long-term EU residents (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026

    Page last updated 18 August 2026.

  8. Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)Official source
    Becoming a Dutch national through naturalisation (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026
  9. Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)Official source
    Civic Integration Exam Abroad (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026
  10. Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)Official source
    MVV exemptions (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026
  11. Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)Official source
    Employing a foreign national (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 5 Oct 2026
  12. Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)Official source
    Living in the Netherlands (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026
  13. Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND)Official source
    Call the IND (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 5 Oct 2026
  14. Government of the NetherlandsOfficial source
    Government to tighten up highly skilled migrant scheme (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026
  15. I amsterdam / IN Amsterdam
    Getting a visa for the Netherlands (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026
  16. I amsterdam / IN Amsterdam
    Residence permit (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026
  17. Kroes Advocaten, published by IN Amsterdam
    Conditions and benefits of the highly skilled migrant permit, EU Blue Card and ICT permit (Opens {{site}} in a new tab)
    Accessed 7 Oct 2026

    Article by an immigration law firm (last updated 5 March 2025); used for processing-time and Blue Card context only.

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